SMART Notebook 8.0Oct 18 - 01:43 PM58596061626463656768697071CePrNdPmSmEuGdTbHoErTmYbLu66DyCeriumPraseodymiumNeodymiumPromethiumSamariumEuropiumGadoliniumTerbiumDysprosiumHolmiumErbiumThuliumYtterbiumLutetium909192939496959799100101102103ThPaUNpPuAmCmBkEsFmMdNoLr98CfThoriumProtactiniumUraniumNeptuniumPlutoniumAmericiumCuriumBerkeliumCaliforniumEinsteiniumFermiumMendeleviumNobeliumLawrenciumRuTiRheniumRutheniumRhodiumHLiBeNaMgKCaRbSrCsBaFrRaScYLaAcZrHfRfVNbTaDbCrMoWSgMnTcReBhFeOsHsCoRhIrMtNiPdPtCuAgAuZnCdHgHydrogenLithiumSodiumPotassiumRubidiumCesiumBerylliumMagnesiumCalciumStrontiumBariumRadiumScandiumYttriumLanthanumActiniumVanadiumNiobiumTantalumDubniumChromiumMolybdenumTungstenManganeseTechnetiumIronCobaltCopperZincPalladiumSilverCadmiumIridiumPlatinumGoldMercuryHassiumMeitneriumBAlGaInTlCSiGeSnPbNPAsSbBiOFClBrIAtHeNeArKrXeRnSSeTePoFranciumTitaniumRutherfordiumZirconiumHafniumSeaborgiumOsmiumBohrium1341112Nickel19203738555687882122232425262728293039404142434445464748495772737475767778798089104105106107108109567891013141516171831323334353650515253548182838485862GalliumGermaniumArsenicSeleniumBromineKryptonIndiumTinAntimonyTelluriumIodineXenonArgonChlorineSulfurPhosphorusSiliconAluminiumBoronCarbonNitrogenOxygenFluorineNeonHeliumThalliumLeadBismuthPoloniumAstatineRadonAcids, Bases and SaltsClHHOOHOOHOHOONCHHHHOct 18 - 01:44 PMAcidsHydrochloric Acid -Sulphuric Acid -Nitric Acid -Carbonic Acid -Acetic Acid -H2SO4HClHNO3H2CO3CH3COOH1. Elelement Common to all acids = ...2. Acids are compounds of metals/non-metalsOct 18 - 01:49 PMInfluence of IndicatorsIndicator Acid Alkali Litmus Bromothymol Blue Methyl Orange Phenolphthalein RedBlueYellowBlueYellowColourlessPinkRedOct 18 - 01:51 PMDissociation of an acidWhen acids dissolve in water they DISSOCIATE and release H+ ions. This H+ ion ASSOCIATES with other water molecules and forms the OXONIUM ion (H3O+)HCl(g) + H2O --> H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)It is the H3O+ that is responsible for the properties of the acidOct 18 - 01:56 PMHNO3 + H2O --> H2SO4 + H2O --> HSO4- + H2O --> H2CO3 + H2O --> Dissociation of an acid - ExamplesOct 18 - 01:59 PMStrength of an acidAcids which DISSOCIATE to a large extent are known as strong acids. e.g. HCl + H2O --> H3O+ + Cl- (Strong acid) CH3COOH + H2O --> H3O+ + CH3COO- (Weak Acid) Oct 18 - 05:35 PMDILUTING ACIDSAlways add the acid to the water - exothermic reaction- dont want concentrated acid to spill out The pH of an acid is unaffected by diluting the acidAcidWaterOct 18 - 05:34 PMpH ScaleWeak AcidStrong AcidWeak AlkaliStrong Alkali1 7 14Dilute Strong acid Dilute weak acid Dilute Strong alkaliDilute weak alkaliNeutralOct 18 - 05:40 PMReactions of acidsAcid + Metal --> Salt + HydrogenAcid + Metal Oxide --> Salt + WaterAcid + Carbonate --> Salt + Water + Carbon DioxideOct 18 - 05:43 PMBasesAn alkali is a soluble base and the resulting solution is known as an alkaline solution.Sodium Hydroxide -Potassium Hydroxide -Magnesium Hydroxide -Ammonium Hydroxide -NaOHMg(OH)2KOHCaustic SodaNH4OHOct 18 - 05:47 PMProperties of Alkalis1. Soapy Feeling2. Alkalis dissolve in water to release the HYDROXIDE ION (OH-) NaOH + H2O -->NH4OH + H2O --> The properties are due to the presence of OH- ions Oct 18 - 05:50 PMReaction of Acids and BasesAcids + Base --> Salt + waterHCl + NaOH --> H2SO4 + KOH --> HNO3 + Mg(OH)2The process is known as NEUTRALISATIONOct 18 - 05:53 PMNeutralisation- It is the process of adding an acid to a base to form a salt and water.- It is an exothermic reaction- The point at which neutralisation occurs is also known as the end point- The end point is determined when an indicator changes colourOct 18 - 05:56 PMOXIDESBase Oxides- Oxide of a metal- Dissolves in water forming a base- reacts with acids to form a salte.g. CuO + H2SO4 Acidic Oxides- Oxides of non-metals- Dissolve in water forming an acid- React with bases to form salts + Watere.g. CO2 + NaOHOct 18 - 05:59 PMPreparation of SALTS1. Acid + Base --> Salt + Water 2. Acid + Metal --> Salt + Hydrogen 3. Acid + Metal Oxide-->Salt + Water 4. Acid + Carbonate-->Salt+ Water+ Carbon Dioxide